rho_p 498[kg/m^3] Product density Cp_p 2595[J/kg/K] Product heat capacity k_p 0.027[W/(m*K)] Product thermal conductivity por_p 0.709 Product porosity theta_p 1-por_p Product volume fraction kappa_p 3.62e-10[m^2] Product permeability rho_ice 913[kg/m^3] Ice density Cp_ice 1967.8[J/kg/K] Ice heat capacity k_ice 2.1[W/m/K] Ice thermal conductivity M_v 18[g/mol] Vapor molar mass Cp_v 1674.7[J/kg/K] Vapor heat capacity k_v 0.025[W/m/K] Vapor thermal conductivity mu_v 8.36e-6[Pa*s] Vapor viscosity DelHs 2.7912[MJ/kg] Latent heat of sublimation Pc 24[Pa] Vacuum chamber pressure Ti 241.8[K] Initial temperature Ts 263.15[K] Shelf temperature Ta 303.15[K] Ambient temperature Z0 2[cm] Vial height Zi 0.04[cm] Initial ice gap with vial height R0 1[cm] Vial radius