Radiative Heat Transfer in Finite Cylindrical Media—P1 Method
This model uses the Discrete-Ordinates method (DOM) to solve a 3D radiative transfer problem in an emitting, absorbing, and linear-anisotropic scattering finite cylindrical medium. Using the S6 quadrature of DOM leads to faster and more accurate results, which are needed in combined modes of heat transfer. The calculated incident radiation and heat fluxes agree well with published results ...
Disk-Stack Heat Sink
This problem follows a typical preliminary board-level thermal analysis. First perform a simulation of the board with some Integrated Circuits (ICs). Then, add a disk-stack heat sink to observe cooling effects. Finally, explore adding a copper layer to the bottom of the board in order to even out the temperature distribution. This exercise highlights a number of useful modeling techniques such ...
Thermoelectric Leg
A thermoelectric leg is a fundamental component of a thermoelectric cooler (or heater). For example, a thermocouple is a thermoelectric module typically made of two thermoelectric legs: one made of p-type and of one n-type semiconductor material which are connected in series electrically and in parallel thermally.
Composite Thermal Barrier
This example shows how to set up multiple sandwiched thin layers with different thermal conductivities in two different ways. First, the composite is modeled as a 3D object. In the second approach the Thin thermally resistive layer boundary condition is used to avoid resolving the thin domains. The technique is useful when modeling heat transfer through thermal barriers like multilayer coatings.
Radiative Cooling of a Glass Plate
When producing glass, the glass melt is cooled down through radiation to form the final shape, subjecting it to stresses. Numerical treatment of radiative heat transfer, using the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE), helps to optimize this process. COMSOL Multiphysics provides three discretization methods for modeling radiation in participating media and solving the RTE: the Rosseland ...
Finned Pipe
Finned pipes are used for coolers, heaters, or heat exchangers to increase heat transfer. They come in different sizes and designs depending on the application and requirements. When the fins are placed outside the pipe, they increase the heat exchange surface of the pipe so that a cooling or heating external fluid can exchange heat more efficiently. When placed inside the pipe, it is the inner ...
Heat Conduction in a Finite Slab
This simple example covers the heating of a finite slab and how the temperature varies with time. We will set up the problem in COMSOL Multiphysics after which we compare the solution to the analytical solution.
Natural convection in a closed cavity with mass conservation
Only fully compressible flow can guarantee the mass conservation in time in a closed cavity where the temperature increases. This is a simple proof of concept using the "gravity" option available in V5.2A.
Rapid Thermal Annealing
In the semiconductor industry, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) is a semiconductor process step used for the activation of dopants and the interfacial reaction of metal contacts. In principle, the operation involves rapid heating of a wafer from ambient to approximately 1000–1500 K. As soon as the wafer reaches this temperature, it is held there for a few seconds and then finally quenched. An ...
Silica Glass Block Coated with a Copper Layer
In this time-dependent model, a silica block of glass, coated with a thin copper layer is subjected to a heat flux. Copper is a highly conductive material, while the silica glass is of poor thermal conductivity, which sets up an highly-varied temperature differential. The model must therefore account for a highly conductive layer. This is done, using a the Highly Conductive Layer feature in ...
