Out-of-Plane Heat Transfer for a Thin Plate
This example models heat transfer in a thin rectangular metal plate. Because the plate’s thickness is only 1/100 of its length and width, you can simulate the process using a 2D approximation. The plate has a fixed temperature at one end and is isolated at the other. A surrounding liquid cools the plate by convection. In addition, the model considers surface-to-ambient radiation.
Turbulent Flow Through a Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Cross Section
This model studies a part of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger where hot water enters from above. The cooling medium flows through the tubes that, in this model, impose a constant temperature at the walls. Furthermore, the tubes are assumed to be made of stainless steel and the heat flux is also modeled through them. The purpose of the model is to show the coupling between the k-epsilon ...
Disk-Stack Heat Sink
This problem follows a typical preliminary board-level thermal analysis. First perform a simulation of the board with some Integrated Circuits (ICs). Then, add a disk-stack heat sink to observe cooling effects. Finally, explore adding a copper layer to the bottom of the board in order to even out the temperature distribution. This exercise highlights a number of useful modeling techniques such ...
Finned Pipe
Finned pipes are used for coolers, heaters, or heat exchangers to increase heat transfer. They come in different sizes and designs depending on the application and requirements. When the fins are placed outside the pipe, they increase the heat exchange surface of the pipe so that a cooling or heating external fluid can exchange heat more efficiently. When placed inside the pipe, it is the inner ...
Thermoelectric Leg
A thermoelectric leg is a fundamental component of a thermoelectric cooler (or heater). For example, a thermocouple is a thermoelectric module typically made of two thermoelectric legs: one made of p-type and of one n-type semiconductor material which are connected in series electrically and in parallel thermally.
Heat Conduction in a Finite Slab
This simple example covers the heating of a finite slab and how the temperature varies with time. We will set up the problem in COMSOL Multiphysics after which we compare the solution to the analytical solution.
Thermophoresis
When a temperature gradient in a gas exists, suspended particles will tend to move from regions of high temperature to low. The force which produces this effect is called the thermophoretic force. Gas molecules colliding with a particle from the hot side have a higher velocity than the cold side, which results in a net force towards cold areas. This effect can be exploited to create thermal ...
Thermo-Photo-Voltaic Cell
This model illustrates an application that maximizes surface-to-surface radiative fluxes and minimizes conductive heat fluxes. A thermo-photo-voltaic (TPV) cell generates electricity from the combustion of fuel and through radiation. The fuel burns inside an emitting device that radiates intensely. Photo-voltaic (PV) cells—almost like solar cells—capture the radiation and convert it to ...
Modeling a Conical Dielectric Probe for Skin Cancer Diagnosis
The response of a millimeter wave with frequencies of 35 GHz and 95 GHz is known to be very sensitive to water content. This model utilizes a low-power 35 GHz Ka-band millimeter wave and its reflectivity to moisture for non-invasive cancer diagnosis. Since skin tumors contain more moisture than healthy skin, it leads to stronger reflections on this frequency band. Hence the probe detects ...
Radiative Heat Transfer in Finite Cylindrical Media—P1 Method
This model uses the Discrete-Ordinates method (DOM) to solve a 3D radiative transfer problem in an emitting, absorbing, and linear-anisotropic scattering finite cylindrical medium. Using the S6 quadrature of DOM leads to faster and more accurate results, which are needed in combined modes of heat transfer. The calculated incident radiation and heat fluxes agree well with published results ...
