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Oxide jacking is the process by which reinforced concrete cracks, due to the corrosion of the reinforcing rebar rods. The corrosion process causes growth of an oxide layer on the rebar, which in turn causes internal stresses in the concrete. If the corrosion process is allowed to ... Mehr lesen
Copper electrowinning is the process of copper extraction from an electrolyte solution and its deposition at the cathode surface, by passing an external current through the electrolytic cell and using an insoluble anode. During the process, oxygen bubbles are generated at the anode ... Mehr lesen
This tutorial models the cathodic protection of an oil rig structure during a time period of 15 years. As a result of the consumption of the sacrificial anodes, the protective capabilities system are reduced over time. The anode shape change in the model is defined by using the Level ... Mehr lesen
This example models cathodic protection of a steel reinforcing bar in concrete. Three different electrochemical reactions are considered on the steel surface. Charge and oxygen transport are modeled in the concrete domain, where the electrolyte conductivity and oxygen diffusivity depend ... Mehr lesen
The chlor-alkali membrane process is one of the largest in industrial electrolysis with the production of roughly 40 million metric tons of both chlorine and caustic soda per year. Chlorine is used predominantly for the production of vinyl chloride monomer, which in turn is used for the ... Mehr lesen
This example extends the Fuel Cell Cathode tutorial to also include liquid water transport in the oxygen electrode. Liquid water is produced using a user-defined expression for vapor condensation, depending on the relative humidity level in the gas phase. An experimental capillary ... Mehr lesen
Space charge limited emission is a phenomenon that restricts the current of charged particles that can be released from a surface. As the electron current released by a cathode increases, so does the magnitude of the charge density in the immediate vicinity of the cathode. This ... Mehr lesen
This example focuses on the species transport within the gas diffusion layers (GDLs) of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The geometry models a cell with two adjacent flow channels of different pressures, a situation that may occur in a cell with serpentine flow channels, or in ... Mehr lesen
In small PEM fuel cell systems (in the sub-100 W range) no active devices for cooling or air transport are normally used. This is due to the desire to minimize parasitic power losses from pumps and fans, and to reduce the system complexity, size, and cost. The reactants at the cathode ... Mehr lesen
This model exemplifies how the rate of steel corrosion in an oil platform increases over time due to build-up of a resistive film on the sacrificial anodes, formed by reaction products. The model also includes secondary current distribution electrode kinetics on the protected steel ... Mehr lesen
