Heat Generation in a Disc Brake
This example models the transient heating, and final temperature, of a disc brake of a car in brake-and-release sequence. It is important to model the transient heating and the following convective cooling to determine the minimum interval between a series of similar brake engagements. If the cooling is insufficient the disc overheats and results in brake failure. The model uses the Heat ...
Forced Air Cooling with Heat Sink
Heat sinks are usually benchmarked with respect to their ability to dissipate heat for a given fan curve. One possible way to carry out this type of experiment is to place the heat sink in a rectangular channel with insulated walls. The temperature and pressure at the channel’s inlet and outlet, as well as the power required to keep the heat sink base at a given temperature, is then measured. ...
Parameterized Electronic Enclosure Geometry
This study simulates the thermal behavior of a computer Power Supply Unit (PSU). Most of such electronic enclosures include cooling devices to avoid electronic components to be damaged by excessively high temperatures. In this model, an extracting fan and a perforated grille cause an air flow in the enclosure to cool internal heating.
Radiation in a Cavity
This model shows how to build and solve a radiative heat transfer problem using the Heat Transfer interface. In particular, this 2D model illustrates the use of the surface-to-surface radiation feature. In this model, three surfaces form a cavity. Heat flux is set at two outer boundaries, while temperature is set on the third. The model's simple geometry, allows a comparison of results ...
Thermal Stress Analysis of a Turbine Stator Blade
The conditions within gas turbines are extreme. The pressure can be as high as 40 bar, and the temperature more than 1000 K. Any new component must therefore be carefully designed to be able to withstand thermal stresses, vibrations and loads asserted by the fluid rushing through the turbine. If a component fails, the high rotational speeds can result in a complete rupture of the whole turbine. ...
Hepatic Tumor Ablation
One method for removing cancerous tumors from healthy tissue is to heat the malignant tissue to a critical temperature that kills the cancer cells. This example accomplishes the localized heating by inserting a four-armed electric probe through which an electric current runs. Equations for the electric field for this case appear in the Electric Currents interface, and this example couples them ...
Turbulent Flow Over a Backward Facing Step
The backward facing step is an interesting case for studying the performance and solution strategy of a turbulence model. In this case, the flow is subjected to a sudden increase of cross-sectional area, resulting in a separation of flow starting at the point of expansion. Spatial variations in the velocity field cause production of turbulence outside the wall region and its interaction with ...
Evaporation in Porous Media with Large Evaporation Rate
Evaporation in porous media is an important process in the food and paper industries, among others. Many physical effects must be considered: fluid flow, heat transfer, and transport of participating fluids and gases. All of these effects are strongly coupled and predefined interfaces can be used to model these effects with the Heat Transfer Module. This tutorial model describes an arbitrary ...
Optimizing a Thermal Process
A thermal processing scenario is modeled whereby two heaters raise the temperature of a gas flowing through a channel. The Optimization Module is used to find the heater power to maximize the outflow temperature, while maintaining a constraint on the peak temperature at the heaters themselves.
Freeze-Drying
Freeze-drying, or lyophilization, is a process for drying heat-sensitive substances such as foods, blood plasma, and antibiotics. The wet substance is frozen and then, through sublimation, ice (or some other frozen solvent) is removed in the presence of a high vacuum. This example models the process of ice sublimation in a vial under vacuum-chamber conditions, a test case for many freeze-drying ...
