COMSOL Multiphysics^® 6.4 Release Highlights

For users of the Pipe Flow Module, COMSOL Multiphysics^® version 6.4 introduces new features for the simulation of flow control and restrictions, along with extended capabilities for simulating concentration profiles in pipe networks and connecting pipe systems with volume domains. Learn more about these updates below.

Model Flow Regulation with Orifice, Control Valve, and 3-Way Valve Features

Three new features extend the Pipe Flow interface for more flexible modeling of pipe networks. The Orifice feature captures pressure drops from both sharp-edged and rounded openings, providing a precise representation of flow restrictions. The Control Valve feature simulates adjustable valves using either loss coefficients or industry-standard flow coefficients (Cv or Kv). The 3-Way Valve feature supports the mixing and diversion of flows in networks with three connected pipes, as well as parameterization using loss coefficients or Cv or Kv values. The valve features enable simulation of adjustable valves with different opening characteristics, making it possible to represent a wide range of valve types.

A pipe network geometry including an orifice, a control valve, and a three-way valve. The results illustrate the velocity distribution throughout the network.

New Junction and Open Pipe End Features

The capabilities for simulating concentration profiles in pipe networks have been extended with two new features. The Junction node captures mass transfer at fittings with three or more connected pipes. The Open Pipe End node connects a pipe to external systems, such as tanks or reservoirs, with a specified concentration. Both features support reversible flow, automatically adapting boundary conditions to the flow direction for more realistic and flexible simulations.

An example of a pipe network with a three-way valve directing the flow alternately to the left and right over three cycles. The bottom pipe includes a reaction. The plots show the molar flow rate and velocity distribution.

Pipe Connection, Diluted Species Coupling

It is now significantly easier to connect pipe systems with volume domains using the new Pipe Connection, Diluted Species multiphysics coupling. This coupling links 1D pipe segments modeled with the Diluted Species in Pipes interface to volume domains modeled with the Transport of Diluted Species interface. The coupling provides accurate mass transfer representation across boundaries and supports reversible flow, automatically adapting boundary conditions to the flow direction.

Turbulent reacting flow in a basin combines fluid flow with transport of diluted species. With the Pipe Connection and Pipe Connection, Diluted Species features, the basin can be linked to a pipe network, enabling analysis of both internal basin performance and its interaction with upstream piping systems.

Updated Tutorial Model

COMSOL Multiphysics^® version 6.4 brings one updated tutorial model to the Pipe Flow Module.

Borehole Heat Exchanger

Temperature isosurfaces after one year of operation around an array of borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) used for shallow geothermal energy production. Due to the huge differences in scales of borehole and pipe radii and depth, the BHEs are modeled as lines using the Nonisothermal Pipe Flow interface. The BHEs are embedded within a layered subsurface model, with groundwater flow in one of the geological layers.

Application Library Title:
borehole_heat_exchanger_pipe_flow
Download from the Application Gallery